Skin

Acne: Complete Treatment Guide

Acne affects up to 95% of teenagers and many adults. Understanding the underlying causes helps choose the right treatment for your specific type.

Peak age
Teenage years, but adult acne common
Main causes
Excess sebum, bacteria, blocked pores, hormones
Severity grading
Mild, moderate, severe
Most effective severe treatment
Isotretinoin

Types of Acne Lesions

TypeDescription
Comedones (blackheads/whiteheads)Blocked pores — mildest form
PapulesSmall, red, tender bumps
PustulesPapules with visible pus
Nodules/cystsLarge, painful, deep lesions — higher scarring risk

Treatment by Severity

SeverityTreatment
MildTopical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, topical antibiotics
ModerateCombination topical treatment; oral antibiotics (doxycycline) if needed
Moderate-severeOral antibiotics plus topical treatment; hormonal treatment (combined pill) for women
Severe/scarring/resistantIsotretinoin (Roaccutane) — highly effective but requires careful monitoring

Isotretinoin — Important Considerations

Isotretinoin is highly effective (often clearing acne permanently) but requires strict pregnancy prevention (due to severe birth defect risk), monthly blood test monitoring (liver function, lipids), and awareness of mood changes, which should be reported promptly.
Be Patient With TreatmentMost acne treatments take 6-8 weeks to show initial improvement and 3-4 months for full effect — many people stop too early, believing a treatment 'isn't working', when it simply needs more time.
Does diet cause acne?
Evidence suggests high-glycaemic diets and dairy may worsen acne in some individuals, though this varies significantly between people — it's not the primary cause for most, but worth considering if you notice a pattern.
Is adult acne different from teenage acne?
Adult acne (particularly in women) often has a stronger hormonal component and tends to affect the lower face and jawline more than the classic teenage T-zone pattern — treatment approaches may differ accordingly.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.