Early Signs (Toddlers)
- Limited eye contact
- Not responding consistently to their name by 12 months
- Delayed or absent speech development
- Repetitive movements (hand-flapping, rocking, spinning)
- Intense, narrow interests
- Difficulty with changes in routine
- Unusual sensory responses (over- or under-sensitive to sounds, textures, lights)
The Diagnostic Assessment Process
| Step | What Happens |
|---|---|
| Initial concern raised | By parent, health visitor, nursery, GP, or teacher |
| Referral | To community paediatrics or specialist autism assessment team |
| Assessment | Multidisciplinary — developmental history, observation (e.g. ADOS-2), input from school/nursery |
| Co-occurring conditions checked | ADHD, anxiety, learning disability, sleep problems, sensory processing |
| Diagnosis and support plan | Provided with recommendations for education and therapy support |
Common Co-Occurring Conditions
- ADHD (up to 30–50% overlap)
- Anxiety disorders
- Sensory processing differences
- Sleep difficulties
- Epilepsy (higher rate than general population)
- Gastrointestinal symptoms
There Is No Blood Test for AutismAutism is diagnosed through behavioural observation and developmental history — there is no blood test, brain scan, or genetic test that diagnoses autism itself, although genetic testing may be offered to look for associated conditions.
Do vaccines cause autism?
No. This has been thoroughly disproven by dozens of large studies involving millions of children. The original 1998 study claiming a link was fraudulent and retracted.
Can autism be 'cured'?
Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental difference, not an illness to be cured. Support focuses on helping autistic individuals thrive, communicate, and access appropriate accommodations — not changing who they are.
Is autism more common in boys?
Autism is diagnosed more often in boys (about 3:1), but this partly reflects under-recognition in girls, who often present differently (better social masking) and are diagnosed later.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.