Children's Health

Chickenpox: Complete Guide

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. While usually mild in children, it can be more serious in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised people.

Incubation
10–21 days
Contagious
2 days before rash until all spots crust
Vaccine available
Yes (not routine in UK NHS schedule)
Complication risk
Higher in adults

Symptoms and Rash Progression

StageAppearance
Day 1Fever, tiredness, loss of appetite
Day 1–2Small itchy red spots appear, often starting on chest/back/face
Day 2–4Spots become fluid-filled blisters
Day 4–7Blisters burst and crust over
Day 7–10All spots crusted — no longer contagious

Complications to Watch For

Chickenpox in Pregnancy

If a pregnant woman without immunity is exposed to chickenpox, urgent medical advice is needed — VZIG (varicella zoster immunoglobulin) may be given, and chickenpox in pregnancy carries risks to both mother and baby.
Higher Risk Groups — Seek Medical Advice EarlyPregnant women, newborns, anyone immunocompromised (chemotherapy, high-dose steroids, HIV), and adults who've never had chickenpox should contact a doctor promptly if exposed or infected — antiviral treatment (aciclovir) may be recommended.
Itch ReliefCalamine lotion, cool baths with baking soda or oatmeal, loose cotton clothing, and keeping nails short (to reduce scratching and scarring) all help manage itching. Antihistamines can help itching and improve sleep.
Can you get chickenpox twice?
Rare but possible, especially with mild first infections. The virus stays dormant in the body and can reactivate later in life as shingles.
Is the chickenpox vaccine available in the UK?
It's not part of the routine NHS schedule but is available privately. It's routine in the US, Australia, Canada, and several other countries.
How long should my child stay off school?
Until all blisters have crusted over — usually about 5 days after the rash first appeared.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.