How Childhood Obesity Is Measured
Unlike adults, children's BMI is plotted on age- and sex-specific growth charts, because healthy body composition changes throughout childhood. A BMI above the 91st centile is classed as overweight; above the 98th centile as obese (UK definitions).Health Risks Associated with Childhood Obesity
| System | Risk |
|---|---|
| Metabolic | Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, high cholesterol |
| Liver | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — increasingly seen in children |
| Orthopaedic | Slipped upper femoral epiphysis, Blount's disease (bowed legs) |
| Respiratory | Sleep apnoea, asthma exacerbation |
| Psychological | Low self-esteem, bullying, depression, disordered eating |
| Long-term | Obesity tracks into adulthood — 80% of obese adolescents remain obese as adults |
Evidence-Based Family Approach
- Focus on the whole family's habits, not singling out the child
- Reduce sugary drinks — the single most impactful dietary change
- Increase physical activity to 60 minutes/day (mix of play and structured activity)
- Limit screen time and encourage family meals without screens
- Improve sleep — poor sleep is linked to weight gain
- Avoid restrictive dieting or talking about 'being fat' — this increases risk of disordered eating
Language MattersResearch shows that weight-focused conversations with children increase risk of low self-esteem and disordered eating without improving weight outcomes. Focus conversations on health, energy, strength, and enjoyment of movement and food, not weight or appearance.
Should children diet to lose weight?
Restrictive dieting is not recommended for children. The focus should be on healthy family habits that support normal growth — many children 'grow into' a healthier BMI as height increases if habits improve.
Is childhood obesity the parents' fault?
No single factor causes childhood obesity — genetics, environment, food marketing, urban design (reduced safe play spaces), and family circumstances all contribute. A blame-free, supportive approach works best.
When should I be concerned enough to see a doctor?
If your child's weight is above the 98th centile, or if there are signs of complications (snoring/breathing pauses at night, joint pain, excessive thirst), speak to your GP or health visitor.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.