CKD stages by eGFR
| Stage | eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| G1 | ≥90 | Normal or high — kidney damage present but function normal |
| G2 | 60–89 | Mildly reduced |
| G3a | 45–59 | Mildly to moderately reduced |
| G3b | 30–44 | Moderately to severely reduced |
| G4 | 15–29 | Severely reduced — prepare for dialysis |
| G5 | <15 | Kidney failure — dialysis or transplant needed |
Blood tests to monitor CKD
| Test | Why it matters in CKD |
|---|---|
| eGFR / creatinine | Track rate of decline — losing >5 mL/min/yr is rapid progression |
| Urine ACR | Albumin:creatinine ratio — proteinuria worsens CKD prognosis |
| Haemoglobin (CBC) | Renal anaemia — kidneys make less erythropoietin |
| Potassium | Hyperkalaemia common in CKD — dangerous for the heart |
| Bicarbonate | Metabolic acidosis accelerates CKD progression |
| Phosphorus + PTH | Renal bone disease — secondary hyperparathyroidism |
Slowing CKD progression
CKD often progresses slowly over years. Key interventions to protect remaining kidney function: tight blood pressure control (target <130/80 mmHg); ACE inhibitor or ARB for people with diabetes or proteinuria; SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) now proven to slow CKD independently of diabetes; blood sugar control in diabetes; avoiding NSAIDs and nephrotoxic medications; low-sodium diet; and adequate hydration.
Questions to ask your kidney doctor (nephrologist)
- What stage of CKD am I in, and how fast is it progressing?
- Should I be on an SGLT2 inhibitor to protect my kidneys?
- Do I need dietary restrictions on potassium or phosphorus?
- When should I start planning for dialysis or transplant?
Medical Disclaimer: For educational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.