Types of Seizures
| Type | Features |
|---|---|
| Focal (partial) | Start in one brain area; may or may not affect consciousness; can spread |
| Generalised tonic-clonic | Whole-body convulsion, loss of consciousness, most recognisable type |
| Absence seizures | Brief loss of awareness, staring, more common in children |
| Myoclonic | Brief muscle jerks, often on waking |
Diagnostic Tests
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| EEG (electroencephalogram) | Detects abnormal electrical brain activity — may be normal between seizures |
| MRI brain | Identifies structural causes (scarring, tumours, malformations) |
| Blood tests (glucose, electrolytes, calcium) | Rule out metabolic causes of seizures |
| ECG | Rule out cardiac causes of collapse mimicking seizures |
What to Do If You Witness a Seizure
- Stay calm; note the time seizure starts
- Move nearby objects away to prevent injury
- Cushion the head if possible
- Do NOT put anything in their mouth or restrain them
- Once convulsions stop, place in the recovery position
- Call 999 if: first seizure ever, lasting more than 5 minutes, another seizure follows quickly, injury occurred, or they don't regain consciousness
Status Epilepticus — EmergencyA seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes, or repeated seizures without full recovery in between, is a medical emergency called status epilepticus requiring immediate emergency treatment to prevent brain damage.
Driving and EpilepsyMost countries require a seizure-free period (often 6-12 months) before driving is permitted after a seizure or epilepsy diagnosis, and this must be reported to the relevant licensing authority (DVLA in the UK). Rules vary — check your local requirements.
Can epilepsy develop at any age?
Yes — epilepsy can begin at any age, though it's most common in young children and older adults (over 60), often due to different underlying causes at each end of the age spectrum.
Will I need to take medication forever?
Many people can eventually reduce or stop medication after being seizure-free for several years (typically 2+), under close medical supervision, though some forms of epilepsy require lifelong treatment.
Can flashing lights trigger seizures in everyone?
No — photosensitive epilepsy (triggered by flashing lights) affects only about 3% of people with epilepsy, though it's the type most publicised due to game/TV warnings.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.