How It Develops
Chronic exposure to stomach acid causes the normal squamous lining of the lower oesophagus to be replaced by a different, more acid-resistant cell type (intestinal metaplasia) — this change is called Barrett's oesophagus.Risk Factors
- Long-standing GERD symptoms (>5-10 years)
- Male sex
- Age over 50
- Obesity, especially central
- Smoking history
- Family history of Barrett's or oesophageal cancer
Surveillance and Dysplasia Grading
| Finding | Surveillance Interval |
|---|---|
| No dysplasia | Every 3-5 years |
| Low-grade dysplasia | Every 6-12 months, or treatment |
| High-grade dysplasia | Treatment recommended — endoscopic ablation or resection |
PPI Treatment Is EssentialLong-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is standard for Barrett's oesophagus to control acid exposure, alongside regular endoscopic surveillance to detect any progression toward cancer early.
Does having Barrett's mean I'll get cancer?
No — the annual risk of progression to oesophageal cancer is low (around 0.5% per year for non-dysplastic Barrett's), but regular surveillance is important to catch any early changes.
Can Barrett's oesophagus be reversed?
Endoscopic treatments (radiofrequency ablation) can remove Barrett's tissue in cases with dysplasia, but simple lifestyle and medication changes don't typically reverse established Barrett's, though they control symptoms and reduce further risk.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.