What Is Menopause?
Menopause is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, marking the end of reproductive years. It typically occurs between ages 45–55, caused by declining oestrogen and progesterone production.
Stages
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Perimenopause | Transition phase with irregular periods and fluctuating hormones, lasting several years |
| Menopause | 12 months without a period |
| Postmenopause | Years following menopause; symptoms often ease over time |
Common Symptoms
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Irregular or skipped periods (perimenopause)
- Vaginal dryness
- Mood changes, irritability or anxiety
- Sleep disturbances
- Weight gain and slowed metabolism
- Thinning hair and dry skin
Hormone Blood Tests
| Test | What It Shows |
|---|---|
| FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) | Rises significantly during menopause |
| Oestradiol | Typically falls during menopause |
| TSH | Rules out thyroid issues mimicking menopause symptoms |
Managing Symptoms
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) — discuss risks/benefits with your doctor
- Non-hormonal medications for hot flashes
- Regular exercise and weight-bearing activity for bone health
- Calcium and vitamin D for bone density
- Vaginal moisturisers for dryness
- Stress management and good sleep hygiene
Important: Menopause symptoms and treatment options vary by individual. Discuss hormone testing and HRT options with your doctor.