Types of Miscarriage
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Threatened miscarriage | Bleeding with a viable pregnancy seen on scan — may continue normally |
| Missed miscarriage | No heartbeat/pregnancy loss found on scan without symptoms of bleeding |
| Incomplete miscarriage | Some pregnancy tissue has passed but some remains |
| Complete miscarriage | All pregnancy tissue has passed naturally |
| Recurrent miscarriage | 3 or more consecutive miscarriages — triggers further investigation |
Common Symptoms
- Vaginal bleeding — can range from light spotting to heavy bleeding with clots
- Cramping, lower abdominal pain
- Passing of tissue
- Reduction in pregnancy symptoms (though this can happen normally too)
Management Options
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Expectant management | Waiting for natural passage of tissue — appropriate for many |
| Medical management | Tablets (misoprostol) to help the body pass the tissue |
| Surgical management (ERPC) | Procedure to remove remaining tissue — for incomplete miscarriage or by choice |
When to Seek Urgent CareHeavy bleeding (soaking a pad an hour or more), severe pain, fever, or feeling faint/unwell — attend A&E or an early pregnancy assessment unit. Also seek urgent review for any one-sided pain, which could indicate ectopic pregnancy rather than miscarriage.
It Is Not Your FaultThe vast majority of first-trimester miscarriages result from random chromosomal abnormalities in the developing embryo — not from anything the mother did, ate, or didn't do. Exercise, stress, and most normal activities do not cause miscarriage.
Do I need investigation after one miscarriage?
Usually not — one miscarriage is common and doesn't automatically require investigation. Testing is typically offered after 3 consecutive miscarriages (recurrent miscarriage), though some units investigate after 2, especially if over 35.
How long should I wait before trying again?
There is no medical need to wait a set time — evidence suggests trying again as soon as you feel physically and emotionally ready is safe, and may even be associated with better outcomes than waiting.
Where can I get emotional support?
Charities like the Miscarriage Association (UK) and Tommy's offer specialist support. Your GP or midwife can also refer you for counselling. Partners experience grief too and deserve support.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.