Core Motor Symptoms
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Tremor | Classic 'pill-rolling' tremor at rest, usually starts one-sided |
| Bradykinesia | Slowness of movement — smaller steps, reduced arm swing, slower fine motor tasks |
| Rigidity | Muscle stiffness, 'cogwheel' resistance to movement |
| Postural instability | Balance problems, occurs in later stages |
Non-Motor Symptoms (Often Precede Motor Symptoms by Years)
- Loss of sense of smell (anosmia)
- REM sleep behaviour disorder — acting out dreams
- Constipation
- Depression and anxiety
- Sleep disturbances
- Cognitive changes (in later stages)
Diagnosis and Treatment
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment by a neurologist; DaTscan imaging can support diagnosis in uncertain cases |
| Levodopa | Most effective medication — converted to dopamine in the brain |
| Dopamine agonists | Alternative or add-on, especially in younger patients |
| MAO-B inhibitors | Mild symptom control, may have neuroprotective effects |
| Deep brain stimulation | Surgical option for advanced disease with medication complications |
| Physiotherapy/speech therapy | Essential for maintaining function and quality of life |
Timing of Medication MattersAs Parkinson's progresses, the timing of levodopa doses becomes increasingly important — even being 30 minutes late can cause symptoms to return ('wearing off'). Consistent timing, ideally away from high-protein meals which can affect absorption, is crucial.
Is there a blood test for Parkinson's disease?
No — diagnosis is currently clinical, based on symptoms and examination by a specialist. Brain imaging (DaTscan) can support diagnosis in uncertain cases but isn't required for typical presentations.
Is Parkinson's disease fatal?
Parkinson's itself isn't directly fatal, but it can contribute to complications (falls, pneumonia from swallowing difficulties) that affect life expectancy, particularly in advanced disease.
Can young people get Parkinson's disease?
Yes — young-onset Parkinson's (before age 50) accounts for about 5-10% of cases and often has a somewhat different disease course and different genetic associations than typical late-onset disease.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.