Warning Symptoms
- Severe headache that doesn't improve with paracetamol
- Vision problems — blurring, flashing lights, seeing spots
- Severe pain just below the ribs (epigastric pain)
- Sudden swelling of face, hands, or feet
- Feeling very unwell with a general sense that something is wrong
- Reduced urine output
Diagnostic Criteria
| Test | Finding |
|---|---|
| Blood pressure | ≥140/90 mmHg on two occasions after 20 weeks |
| Urine protein (dipstick or PCR) | Significant proteinuria (protein:creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/mmol) |
| Blood tests | Raised liver enzymes, low platelets, deranged kidney function may indicate severity |
| PlGF (placental growth factor) test | Low levels support diagnosis, especially when uncertain |
HELLP Syndrome — A Severe Complication
HELLP stands for Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets. It's a severe, life-threatening variant of pre-eclampsia requiring urgent delivery, regardless of gestational age, once diagnosed.Emergency — Go to Maternity Unit ImmediatelySevere headache unrelieved by paracetamol, visual disturbances, severe pain under the ribs, or sudden severe swelling — these can indicate rapidly progressing pre-eclampsia or eclampsia (seizures), both medical emergencies requiring immediate assessment.
Why Every Antenatal Check MattersPre-eclampsia can develop with few or no symptoms in its early stages — this is exactly why blood pressure and urine are checked at every single antenatal appointment. Never skip these checks, even if you feel completely well.
Can pre-eclampsia be prevented?
Low-dose aspirin (75-150mg) started before 16 weeks reduces risk in women with risk factors (previous pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune disease, first pregnancy over 40). Discuss your risk with your midwife or obstetrician.
Does pre-eclampsia go away after birth?
Blood pressure usually normalises within days to weeks after delivery, though it can occasionally persist or worsen in the first 48 hours postpartum, requiring continued monitoring.
Will I get pre-eclampsia again in future pregnancies?
Having pre-eclampsia once increases the risk of recurrence to about 15-20% in future pregnancies. Aspirin prophylaxis in subsequent pregnancies significantly reduces this risk.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.