Patient Guide

Adult Vaccinations: What You Need and When to Have Them

Vaccines are among the most effective preventive health interventions. Many adults miss out on recommended vaccinations after childhood. Here's what you should have.

Flu vaccine efficacy
40–60 % (seasonal variation)
Shingles vaccine
90 % effective (Shingrix)
COVID boosters
Updated annually
Pneumococcal
1–2 doses lifelong for adults

Recommended Adult Vaccines (UK NHS Schedule)

VaccineWhoWhenDoses
Flu (seasonal)All 65+; pregnant; high-riskEvery autumn1 annually
COVID-19 booster65+; immunocompromised; high-riskAnnually (autumn)1 per season
Shingles (Shingrix)70–79 years (UK)One-off2 doses, 2–6 months apart
Pneumococcal (PPV23)65+; high-riskUsually once1–2 doses
Td/IPV boosterAdults without prior boosterOne-off if no record1 dose
HPV (Gardasil-9)Adults up to 45 (private); NHS to age 25Course of 2–3 doses2–3 doses
Travel vaccinesTravel-specificBefore travel (6–8 weeks)Varies

Who Is 'High Risk' for Flu & COVID?

Shingles Vaccine TimingIf you're 70–79 and haven't had the Shingles vaccine, request it from your GP. Shingrix is >90% effective and significantly reduces the risk of post-herpetic neuralgia — debilitating nerve pain lasting months after shingles.
Can I get the flu vaccine if I'm allergic to eggs?
Most people with egg allergy can safely receive flu vaccine. Only those with confirmed anaphylaxis to eggs require specialist assessment. Discuss with your GP.
Do vaccines cause autism?
No. The original 1998 study was fraudulent and has been thoroughly debunked and retracted. Decades of research involving millions of children confirm there is no link between any vaccine and autism.
How do I know if I've had all my childhood vaccines?
Check your Red Book (UK baby record) or request your immunisation history from your GP. Adults who missed childhood vaccines (e.g. MMR, polio) can catch up.
What travel vaccines do I need?
Depends on destination. Common ones: Hepatitis A (most destinations), Typhoid (South Asia, Africa), Yellow fever (sub-Saharan Africa, South America — mandatory for entry), Rabies (rural Asia/Africa), Malaria prophylaxis.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.