Common Antibiotic Classes
| Class | Examples | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Penicillins | Amoxicillin, flucloxacillin | Chest, skin, throat infections |
| Cephalosporins | Cefalexin | Alternative for penicillin-sensitive infections |
| Macrolides | Clarithromycin, azithromycin | Chest infections, penicillin allergy |
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin | UTIs, more serious infections — increasingly restricted due to side effects |
| Tetracyclines | Doxycycline | Acne, chest infections, some STIs |
| Nitrofurantoin | — | First-line for simple UTIs |
Why Antibiotic Resistance Matters
Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics through overuse and incorrect use, making previously treatable infections harder or impossible to treat. This is a major global health threat — the World Health Organization considers it one of the top public health challenges.Using Antibiotics Correctly
- Only take antibiotics prescribed for YOU, for the current infection — never share or use leftover antibiotics
- Complete the full course as prescribed, even if feeling better (though some newer guidance is shortening courses for specific infections — follow your prescriber's instructions)
- Take at the correct intervals and with/without food as instructed
- Never take antibiotics for viral infections (most colds, flu, most sore throats) — they won't help and contribute to resistance
- Take probiotics or eat yoghurt to help offset gut bacteria disruption if advised
Antibiotics Don't Work on VirusesThe common cold, most sore throats, flu, and most coughs are caused by viruses, against which antibiotics have zero effect. Taking antibiotics unnecessarily doesn't help you recover faster and contributes to the resistance crisis.
Is it dangerous to stop antibiotics early?
Current thinking is more nuanced than in the past — for some infections, evidence supports shorter courses. However, you should always follow your specific prescriber's instructions, as stopping early for certain infections can lead to treatment failure or relapse.
Can I drink alcohol with antibiotics?
Most antibiotics have no significant interaction with moderate alcohol, but metronidazole and tinidazole cause a severe reaction with alcohol (nausea, vomiting, flushing) and should never be combined. Always check your specific antibiotic.
Why do doctors sometimes not prescribe antibiotics for infections?
Many infections (viral, or mild self-limiting bacterial infections like simple ear infections) resolve without antibiotics. Doctors weigh the likely benefit against side effects and the broader harm of antibiotic resistance.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.