Antidepressant

SSRIs: Complete Antidepressant Guide

SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants worldwide. Understanding how they work and what to expect makes starting treatment far less daunting.

Full effect
4–8 weeks
Most common SSRI
Sertraline
Main side effects
Nausea, insomnia, sexual
Don't stop
Abruptly — taper needed

Common SSRIs Compared

SSRITypical DoseMain UsesNotes
Sertraline50–200 mgDepression, anxiety, PTSD, OCDMost versatile, widely used
Fluoxetine20–60 mgDepression, bulimia, OCDLong half-life — easiest to stop
Citalopram20–40 mgDepressionSimple, few drug interactions
Escitalopram10–20 mgDepression, anxietySlight improvement on citalopram
Paroxetine20–60 mgDepression, anxiety, PTSDShort half-life — harder to stop
First 2 WeeksSSRIs can temporarily increase anxiety and agitation in the first 1–2 weeks. Do not stop. This usually settles. Contact your doctor or mental health team if you feel significantly worse or have thoughts of self-harm.

Timeline: What to Expect

TimeframeWhat Happens
Days 1–3Possible nausea, headache, restlessness
Week 1–2Side effects may peak — anxiety, insomnia common
Week 2–4Side effects usually settle; sleep often improves first
Week 4–6Mood starts to lift — motivation returns
Week 6–8Full antidepressant effect usually achieved
6–12 monthsRecommended minimum treatment duration after recovery

Common Side Effects

Sexual Side EffectsSexual dysfunction from SSRIs affects about 1 in 3 people but is rarely discussed. It doesn't always resolve. Options include waiting, dose reduction, switching to bupropion or mirtazapine (lower risk), or adding another medication. Always discuss with your prescriber.

How to Stop an SSRI Safely

How long should I take an antidepressant?
NICE and most guidelines recommend at least 6 months after feeling well. For recurrent depression (3+ episodes), long-term or indefinite treatment is often recommended.
Will antidepressants change my personality?
SSRIs treat depression — they help you feel like yourself again. Most people report that they feel 'normal', not sedated or blunted. If you feel emotionally numb, discuss dose adjustment.
Can I drink alcohol on SSRIs?
Alcohol is a depressant and worsens depression. It can also increase sedation and impair your response to treatment. While not absolutely forbidden, minimising alcohol is strongly advised.
Do SSRIs cause weight gain?
Some SSRIs cause modest weight gain (1–3 kg) with long-term use, but this varies. Paroxetine has the highest risk; fluoxetine may initially cause weight loss.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.