What Is Constipation?
Constipation means having fewer than three bowel movements a week, or stools that are hard, dry and difficult to pass. It's common and usually related to diet, hydration or activity levels.
Common Causes
- Low fibre intake
- Inadequate fluid intake
- Lack of physical activity
- Ignoring the urge to go
- Certain medications (opioids, iron, some antidepressants)
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Hypothyroidism
- Pregnancy
See a doctor if: Constipation is sudden and severe, lasts more than 3 weeks, or comes with blood in stool, unexplained weight loss, or severe abdominal pain.
Tests Your Doctor May Order
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| TSH | Checks for an underactive thyroid |
| Full Blood Count (CBC) | Checks for anaemia, which can be linked to bowel conditions |
| Calcium | High calcium can slow bowel movements |
| Colonoscopy | Examines the colon if red-flag symptoms are present |
Relief and Prevention
- Increase fibre — fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes
- Drink plenty of water throughout the day
- Exercise regularly
- Don't delay going when you feel the urge
- Consider a fibre supplement or stool softener if needed
Important: Occasional constipation is common, but persistent or severe symptoms should be evaluated by a doctor.