What Is Diarrhea?
Diarrhea is loose, watery stools occurring more than three times a day. Most cases are acute (lasting a few days) and caused by infection; chronic diarrhea lasting weeks needs further investigation.
Common Causes
- Viral infections (norovirus, rotavirus)
- Bacterial infections (E. coli, Salmonella)
- Food intolerances (lactose, gluten)
- Medications, especially antibiotics
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis)
- Stress and anxiety
See a doctor if: Diarrhea lasts more than 2 days, contains blood, is accompanied by high fever, severe abdominal pain, or signs of dehydration (dizziness, dry mouth, very little urine).
Tests Your Doctor May Order
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Stool culture | Identifies bacterial or parasitic infection |
| CBC | Checks for infection or inflammation |
| Electrolytes | Checks for dehydration-related imbalances |
| CRP / ESR | Screens for inflammatory bowel disease |
Managing Diarrhea at Home
- Drink oral rehydration solution or water with electrolytes
- Eat bland foods (bananas, rice, toast) as tolerated
- Avoid dairy, caffeine and fatty foods until recovered
- Avoid anti-diarrheal medication if fever or blood is present
Important: Severe, bloody, or persistent diarrhea — or diarrhea in young children and older adults — should be evaluated promptly by a doctor due to dehydration risk.