Cancer Marker

Beta-2 Microglobulin Explained

Beta-2 microglobulin is used both as a prognostic marker in blood cancers and as an indicator of kidney function.

Normal range
1.0-2.4 mg/L
Used for
Myeloma/lymphoma staging
Also affected by
Kidney function
Higher levels
Suggest worse prognosis in myeloma

Clinical Uses

Why Levels Rise

Beta-2 microglobulin is produced by many cell types and is normally filtered and broken down by the kidneys. Levels rise with increased cell turnover (cancers with high cell proliferation) or reduced kidney clearance.
Context Matters for InterpretationAn elevated beta-2 microglobulin should always be interpreted alongside kidney function tests, as impaired kidney clearance alone can raise levels without indicating cancer progression.
Is this test used for cancer screening?
No — it's used for staging and monitoring known conditions like myeloma or lymphoma, not as a general population screening test.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.