What Is Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread through contaminated food, water, or close contact with an infected person. Unlike hepatitis B and C, it does not cause chronic liver disease but can cause serious acute illness.
Hepatitis A Antibody Tests
| Test | What It Detects | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| HAV IgM antibody | Recent/active HAV infection | Positive = acute hepatitis A (recent infection within 3–6 months) |
| HAV IgG antibody | Past infection or vaccination | Positive = immune (past infection or vaccinated); Negative = susceptible |
| Total HAV antibody | IgM + IgG combined | Positive = immune or active infection — IgM needed to distinguish |
Interpreting Results
IgM Positive — Active Infection
Positive IgM means you have a current or very recent hepatitis A infection. IgM appears 2–3 weeks after exposure and can persist for 3–6 months.
IgG Positive Only — Immune
IgG alone indicates past infection or successful vaccination. You are protected from reinfection.
Both Negative — Susceptible
No prior infection and no vaccine immunity. Vaccination is recommended for travel to endemic areas, men who have sex with men, and others at risk.
Symptoms of Hepatitis A
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
- Fatigue and loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain (upper right, over the liver)
- Dark urine and pale stools
- Fever
FAQs
How long does hepatitis A last?
Most people recover fully within 2 months. Rarely, it can cause acute liver failure, especially in older adults.
Is there treatment for hepatitis A?
No specific antiviral treatment — it is managed with rest, fluids and avoiding alcohol.
When should I be vaccinated?
Before travel to developing countries, for food handlers, in outbreaks, and for those with chronic liver disease.
Medical Disclaimer: Hepatitis A is notifiable in most countries. A positive IgM result requires isolation and reporting to public health authorities.