Warning Symptoms
| Stage | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Early (autonomic) | Shaking, sweating, hunger, rapid heartbeat, anxiety |
| Later (neuroglycopenic) | Confusion, slurred speech, poor coordination, unusual behaviour |
| Severe | Seizures, loss of consciousness — medical emergency |
The 15-15 Rule for Treatment
- Take 15g fast-acting carbohydrate (4 glucose tablets, small glass of juice, or 3 teaspoons of sugar)
- Wait 15 minutes
- Recheck blood glucose
- If still low, repeat
- Once blood glucose recovers, eat a longer-acting carbohydrate (sandwich, biscuits) to prevent recurrence
Causes in People With Diabetes
- Too much insulin or diabetes medication relative to food intake
- Delayed or missed meals after taking medication
- Increased physical activity without adjusting food/medication
- Alcohol consumption, especially without food
- Certain medication combinations
Severe Hypoglycaemia — EmergencyIf someone is unconscious or unable to swallow safely due to low blood sugar, do NOT give food or drink by mouth (choking risk) — call 999 and, if trained and available, give glucagon injection or nasal glucagon.
Hypoglycaemia Unawareness — A Dangerous ComplicationSome people with long-standing diabetes lose the ability to sense early warning symptoms of hypoglycaemia ('hypo unawareness'), making severe episodes more likely — continuous glucose monitors can help detect drops before symptoms would normally appear.
Can non-diabetics have hypoglycaemia?
Yes, though less commonly — causes include reactive hypoglycaemia (after meals), certain medications, alcohol, hormone deficiencies (Addison's disease), and rarely, insulin-producing tumours (insulinoma).
Why shouldn't I give chocolate for a hypo?
Chocolate contains fat, which slows sugar absorption — pure glucose sources (tablets, juice, sugar) work faster and are preferred for rapid treatment of hypoglycaemia.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.