Hypertensive EmergencyBP ≥180/120 mmHg with symptoms (severe headache, chest pain, confusion, vision changes, or breathlessness) requires emergency assessment. Call 999/911.
Blood Pressure Categories
| Category | Systolic | Diastolic | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | <120 | <80 | Maintain healthy lifestyle |
| Elevated | 120–129 | <80 | Lifestyle modifications |
| Stage 1 Hypertension | 130–139 | 80–89 | Lifestyle ± medication (based on risk) |
| Stage 2 Hypertension | ≥140 | ≥90 | Lifestyle + medication |
| Hypertensive Crisis | ≥180 | ≥120 | Immediate medical assessment |
Proven Ways to Lower Blood Pressure
| Intervention | Expected BP Reduction |
|---|---|
| DASH diet (high fruit/veg, low sodium) | 8–14 mmHg systolic |
| Reduce salt to <6g/day | 4–9 mmHg |
| Aerobic exercise 30 min × 5 days/week | 4–9 mmHg |
| Lose 10 kg if overweight | 5–20 mmHg |
| Limit alcohol to <14 units/week | 2–4 mmHg |
| Stop smoking | Variable — overall CVD benefit is large |
Home BP MonitoringHome BP monitoring is more accurate than clinic readings (white-coat effect). Take readings in the morning before medication, twice daily for 7 days. Average these for your 'true' reading.
What is white-coat hypertension?
Blood pressure that is elevated in clinical settings but normal at home. It affects up to 20% of people. Home and ambulatory BP monitoring helps distinguish it from true hypertension.
When does hypertension need medication?
Stage 2 hypertension (≥140/90) almost always requires medication. Stage 1 may be managed with lifestyle changes alone if overall cardiovascular risk is low.
What medications are used for hypertension?
First-line options: ACE inhibitors (ramipril), ARBs (losartan), calcium channel blockers (amlodipine), or thiazide diuretics. Choice depends on age, ethnicity, and comorbidities.
Can young people have hypertension?
Yes. Secondary hypertension (caused by kidney disease, hormonal tumours like phaeochromocytoma, or renal artery stenosis) should be investigated in people under 40 with new hypertension.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.