The Lipid Panel Explained
| Test | Optimal | High Risk Range | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol | <5.0 mmol/L | >6.5 mmol/L | Overall lipid load |
| LDL cholesterol | <3.0 mmol/L (general); <1.8 (high CVD risk) | >4.0 mmol/L | 'Bad' cholesterol — deposits in arteries |
| HDL cholesterol | >1.0 (men); >1.2 (women) mmol/L | <1.0 mmol/L | 'Good' cholesterol — removes LDL from arteries |
| Triglycerides | <1.7 mmol/L | >5.6 mmol/L — pancreatitis risk | Fat from diet and liver; raised by alcohol & sugar |
| Non-HDL cholesterol | <4.0 mmol/L | >5.0 mmol/L | Better predictor than total cholesterol |
Diet Changes That Work
- Replace saturated fat (red meat, butter, full-fat dairy) with unsaturated fat (olive oil, avocado, nuts, oily fish)
- Eat 30g fibre daily — oats, beans, and vegetables lower LDL via bile acid binding
- Reduce alcohol — directly raises triglycerides
- Increase omega-3 fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines) 2× per week
- Reduce ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and added sugar
Statins Are Highly EffectiveStatins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin) reduce LDL by 30–50% and significantly reduce heart attack and stroke risk in high-risk individuals. Muscle aches are the main side effect — discuss with your GP.
Should everyone with high cholesterol take a statin?
Not necessarily. The decision depends on your overall 10-year cardiovascular risk score (QRISK3), not just the cholesterol level alone. Discuss with your GP.
Can I lower cholesterol without medication?
Yes — for mild-to-moderate elevations. Diet changes, exercise, and weight loss can reduce LDL by 10–20%. However, familial hypercholesterolaemia usually requires medication regardless.
What is familial hypercholesterolaemia?
A genetic condition causing very high LDL from birth (often >5 mmol/L). Affects 1 in 250 people. Requires medication from an early age to prevent premature heart disease.
How often should I have my cholesterol checked?
Every 5 years if normal and low risk; annually if on treatment or high-risk. More frequently if levels are being treated or optimised.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.