Key NHS Patient Rights
| Right | What It Means | How to Exercise It |
|---|---|---|
| GP registration | Right to register with a GP within reasonable distance of your home | Contact NHS 111 or NHS.uk if a practice refuses without good reason |
| 18-week RTT (referral to treatment) | Maximum wait of 18 weeks from referral to first definitive treatment | Ask your GP or hospital team; escalate to patient services if exceeded |
| 2-week wait cancer referral | GP can refer urgently for cancer assessment within 2 weeks | Discuss with GP if symptoms meet NICE criteria |
| Second opinion | Right to request a second medical opinion | Ask your GP or consultant; NHS must accommodate reasonable requests |
| Medical records access | Right to see all health records — GP, hospital, mental health | NHS App, Patient Access, or written request; provided within 30 days |
| Informed consent | Treatment cannot proceed without your informed consent | Ask questions; consent can be withdrawn at any time |
| Complaint | Right to complain if care is inadequate | PALS (Patient Advice and Liaison Service) or NHS England; ombudsman if unresolved |
The NHS AppThe NHS App lets you view your GP health records, test results, medications, appointment history, book GP appointments, and set your organ donation status — free on iOS and Android.
PALS — Patient Advice and Liaison Service
Every NHS trust has a PALS team that helps patients, families, and carers with concerns and complaints informally before making a formal complaint. Find PALS contacts at your hospital reception or NHS website.
Can an NHS GP refuse to register me?
Yes, if you live outside their practice boundary or the list is full — but they cannot refuse based on race, disability, age, sex, or religion. If refused unreasonably, contact your local Integrated Care Board (ICB).
Do I have the right to see a specialist?
Yes — if your GP believes you need specialist assessment, you have the right to be referred. The NHS Choice framework also gives you the right to choose which hospital or consultant you see for a first outpatient appointment (Choose and Book / NHS e-Referral Service).
How do I access my medical records?
Most GP records are accessible via the NHS App or Patient Access online. To access hospital records, contact the medical records department. Under GDPR, requests must be fulfilled within 30 days at no charge.
What can I do if I disagree with my treatment?
You have the right to refuse treatment and to seek a second opinion. The NHS is legally required to involve you in decisions about your care. If you're unhappy, PALS can provide informal support; a formal complaint can be escalated to the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.