Common MRI Terms Explained
| Term | Plain English | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Disc bulge | Disc pushed outward but not herniated | Very common; often asymptomatic |
| Disc herniation / prolapse | Disc nucleus pushed through outer ring | May press on nerves → sciatica |
| Foraminal stenosis | Narrowing of nerve exit hole | Can compress nerve root |
| T1/T2 signal | Different tissue contrast on MRI | T1 bright = fat; T2 bright = fluid/oedema |
| Hyperintense | Appears bright on MRI | Can mean fluid, inflammation, or tumour depending on context |
| Hypointense | Appears dark on MRI | Can mean bone, calcium, scar tissue |
| Lesion | Any area of abnormal tissue | Could be benign cyst, scar, or (rarely) tumour |
| Incidentaloma | Finding not related to symptoms | Common; usually benign, needs follow-up |
| Gadolinium enhancement | Bright after contrast injection | Active inflammation or disrupted blood-brain barrier |
Don't Google Lesion
The word 'lesion' in a radiology report simply means 'abnormal-looking area.' It doesn't mean cancer. Radiologists use it for benign cysts, scars, and inflammation as well. Your referring doctor interprets it in context.
Request the ImagesYou can usually request a copy of the MRI images (on CD or download) alongside the report. Seeing the images with your doctor helps understanding.
My MRI shows disc degeneration — is that serious?
Disc degeneration is extremely common and increases with age. Studies show 80% of people over 50 have disc changes on MRI with no symptoms. It's a normal aging finding in most cases.
What does 'contact with nerve root' mean?
It means a disc is touching but may not be significantly compressing the nerve. Whether it's causing symptoms depends on your clinical picture, not just the MRI.
Can an MRI miss something?
MRI is highly sensitive but not 100%. Dense bone, implants, and patient movement can cause artefacts. If symptoms persist despite a normal MRI, further investigation may be warranted.
How long does an MRI take?
Typically 30–60 minutes. Brain or lumbar spine MRI: ~30 minutes. With contrast (gadolinium): add ~15 minutes. Full-body or complex protocols can take longer.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.