Women's Health

Abnormal Vaginal Discharge: Causes Guide

Vaginal discharge varies normally throughout the menstrual cycle, but changes in colour, smell, or consistency can indicate infection needing treatment.

Normal discharge
Clear to white, mild odour, varies with cycle
Yeast infection
Thick, white, 'cottage cheese' texture, itchy
BV
Thin, grey, fishy odour
STI causes
Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomonas

Discharge by Cause

AppearanceLikely Cause
Clear/white, no odour, varies with cycleNormal physiological discharge
Thick, white, cottage-cheese texture, itchyThrush (candida/yeast infection)
Thin, grey/white, fishy odour (worse after sex)Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
Yellow-green, frothy, itchy, sometimes with painTrichomonas (STI)
Yellow/green, possibly with pelvic painChlamydia or gonorrhoea (often asymptomatic though)

When to Get Tested

Don't Self-Treat Repeatedly Without DiagnosisIf you've tried over-the-counter thrush treatment without improvement, or have recurrent symptoms, see a doctor for proper testing — treating the wrong condition (e.g. thrush treatment for BV) won't work and delays proper care.
Is some vaginal discharge always normal?
Yes — normal physiological discharge changes throughout the menstrual cycle, becoming clearer and more stretchy around ovulation. This is a sign of healthy hormonal function, not a problem.
Can stress cause discharge changes?
Stress can affect the vaginal microbiome and menstrual cycle, potentially triggering yeast infections or BV in susceptible individuals, though it's not a direct cause on its own.
Do I need to be tested if my partner has symptoms but I don't?
Yes — many STIs can be asymptomatic in women while causing symptoms in male partners (or vice versa), so testing both partners is important for conditions like chlamydia and gonorrhoea.
Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.